Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Cellular Aging Signatures in the Plasma Proteome Record Human Health and Disease

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.10.704909

Figure Lengend Snippet: a , Z-scored gene expression of cell type-enriched plasma protein encoding genes in the Human Protein Atlas (HPA, version 24.1) single-cell transcriptomic dataset, labeled by cell type and grouped according to HPA cell type family categorizations. b , Coverage of cell type-specific proteins across the 7,289 proteins measured by the 7k SomaLogic SomaScan assay. c , Coverage of cell type-specific proteins across the 2,923 proteins measured by the 3k Olink assay.

Article Snippet: The Human Protein Atlas single-cell RNA-seq database was used to map the putative cell type-specific plasma proteome.

Techniques: Gene Expression, Clinical Proteomics, Single Cell, Labeling

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Cellular Aging Signatures in the Plasma Proteome Record Human Health and Disease

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.10.704909

Figure Lengend Snippet: a , Fold change of enriched proteins for pancreatic endocrine cells based on the Human Protein Atlas single-cell transcriptomic dataset (version 24.1): blue bars represent fold change compared to average expression across all other cell types; red bars show fold change relative to the second-highest expressing cell type. The y-axis shows fold change on the log2 scale. Numbers above bars indicate specific fold change values. The dashed line represents the threshold used for cell type-specific signatures. b, Expression of two example proteins mapped to pancreatic endocrine cells, INS (left) and IAPP (right), across all cell types. c, The corresponding bar plot of fold change for skeletal myocytes. d, Expression of two example proteins mapped to skeletal myocytes, TNNT3 (left) and FST (right), across all cell types.

Article Snippet: The Human Protein Atlas single-cell RNA-seq database was used to map the putative cell type-specific plasma proteome.

Techniques: Single Cell, Expressing

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Cellular Aging Signatures in the Plasma Proteome Record Human Health and Disease

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.10.704909

Figure Lengend Snippet: Left: Heatmap displays gene expression levels from the Human Protein Atlas single-cell transcriptomic dataset (version 24.1) for signatures of horizontal cells, inhibitory neurons, and excitatory neurons. Color intensity represents expression level, with darker red indicating higher expression. Right: Model coefficients from cellular aging clocks for horizontal cells, inhibitory neurons, and excitatory neurons on SomaScan and Olink platforms. Color represents coefficient magnitude (purple: negative; green: positive); only signatures with an absolute coefficient greater than 0.2 are shown. Circles indicate proteins measured with SomaScan; plus signs indicate Olink coverage. The horizontal cell signature is dominated by NEFL (neurofilament light chain) and C1QL2 (complement C1q-like protein 2), both showing high expression in horizontal cells and strong absolute coefficients in aging models. NEFL is a widely recognized biomarker of axonal injury frequently elevated in FTD, while C1QL2 is a synaptic organizer known to be prominent in temporo-limbic structures vulnerable to fronto-temporal lobar degeneration. The distinct expression and coefficient patterns support renaming this signature to NEFL-C1QL2 projection neuron aging to better reflect its molecular architecture and neurological relevance.

Article Snippet: The Human Protein Atlas single-cell RNA-seq database was used to map the putative cell type-specific plasma proteome.

Techniques: Gene Expression, Single Cell, Expressing, Biomarker Discovery